The impoundment immediately upstream of a dam or hydroelectric plant intake structure.

The Francis turbine is a reaction turbine, which means it develops power from the combined action of pressure and moving water. The runner is placed directly […]

Spring thaw of snowpack and ice that runs off into a water body in a short period of time.

A structure, typically on a dam or canal, that allows passage of water when open.

The device which measures and regulates turbine speed by controlling wicket gate angle to adjust water flow to the turbine.

Constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily using the weight of the dam itself to resist the horizontal pressure […]

Head is the difference between the water surface elevations upstream (the reservoir) and downstream of a project (the tailrace), providing the energy for the falling water.

A gate that controls water flow into a canal, sluiceway or powerhouse intake.

The initial source of a river or stream.